As the most authoritative and timely resource for the broad range of investigators taking on the challenge of clinical and translational science, this resource provides critical access to new molecular tools and diagnostic technologies to help users gain a better understanding of human disease and the development of new therapeutics for enhanced health. This updated second edition has been prepared with an international perspective, beginning with fundamental principles, experimental design, epidemiology, traditional and new biostatistical approaches, and investigative tools. It presents complete instruction and guidance from fundamental principles, approaches, and infrastructure, especially for human genetics and genomics, human pharmacology, research in special populations, the societal context of human research, and the future of human research. The book moves on to discuss legal, social, and ethical issues, and concludes with a discussion of future prospects, providing readers with a comprehensive view of this rapidly developing area of science.