In two volumes, the set is organized chronologically, by era, into chapters. Chapters include:
Each chapter includes an introductory essay on the types of governments emerging at that time followed by government entries grouped under consistent subheads:
Gale Encyclopedia of World History: Governments consists of approximately 400 entries, including subject entries and biographies that average about 1,000 words; 350 images, including maps; a chronology; a glossary; sources for further study; and a general index.