A transgender person is one whose congruent gender behavior (e.g., masculine, feminine, genderqueer) does not match the culturally assigned gender category based on their sex at birth. For example, a transgender person may behave and present as a woman despite being born with male genitalia. This book provides background on transgender history, needs, assessment, procedures and side effects, and outcomes all providers need to understand to treat patients and relate to their expectations. Highlights the current etiquette basis for establishing an effective provider-patient relationship, including replacing pathological terms with non-pathological terms, as being transgender is now recognized as a natural part of diversity. Includes new theories of causation and treatment approaches for providers, outlines current and earlier schools of thought, and offers an integrated theory of transgender causation that includes genetic, epigenetic, cultural, and early learning/emergence factors.