This collection explores how pioneering gender equality policies have shaped women's economic presence in Europe since 2000. Equal pay policies, parental leave reforms, corporate quotas and electoral quotas have raised pressing questions about the effectiveness in promoting equal participation, as researchers quote both quantitative improvement in gender diversity and qualitative lag in cultural change. This book presents interlocking cross-national and cross-policy comparisons of three controversial reforms: equal pay, parental leave, and quotas for political representatives. It addresses the cultural context in which reforms arose, contradictory policies, and the relative effectiveness of fast-track quotas and incentives vs. long-term efforts to change the overall culture of gender. This examination of the new millennium's gender policies is for academics and practitioners interested in the progress of gender equality in the economic, political, and social welfare fields.<\\P>